Cilt 7 Sayı 5 (2019): Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
Makaleler

ERKEN ULUSLARARASILAŞMADA AĞ İLİŞKİLERİNİN ROLÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÖRNEK OLAY ÇALIŞMASI: TURKUAZ YATAK ÖRNEĞİ

Şayan BERBER
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi
Esin CAN
Prof. Dr., Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi

Yayınlanmış 2019-12-25

Anahtar Kelimeler

  • Born Global Firms, Early Internationalization, Network
  • Küresel Doğan İşletmeler, Erken Uluslararasılaşma, Ağ İlişkileri

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

BERBER, Şayan, & CAN, E. (2019). ERKEN ULUSLARARASILAŞMADA AĞ İLİŞKİLERİNİN ROLÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÖRNEK OLAY ÇALIŞMASI: TURKUAZ YATAK ÖRNEĞİ. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(5), 2489–2524. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1331

Özet

Kuruluşlarıyla beraber veya kuruluşlarını müteakip kısa süreler içerisinde uluslararasılaşan işletmeler, dünya çapında sayıca artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yabancı pazarlarda önemli gelir akışları yaratabilen bu işletmelerin, başarılarının temel dinamiklerinden biri olarak görülen, “ağ ilişkilerine” odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada, ağ ilişkilerinin işletmelerin erken uluslararasılaşmasındaki rolünün, Türkiye özelinde bir örnek yardımıyla ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeleri Geliştirme ve Destekleme İdaresi Başkanlığı (KOSBEB) tarafından düzenlenen, 4. KOBİ ve Girişimcilik Ödülleri Yarışmasında, “Küresel Doğan Girişimci” kategorisi finalistlerinden Turkuaz Yatak’ın, ağ ilişkileri derinlemesine incelenerek, sosyal ve iş ağı ilişkileri temelinde sınıflandırılmakta ve erken uluslararasılaşmaya yönelik sağladıkları belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden, örnek olay deseni kullanılmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler, analiz edilerek bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular; işletmenin erken uluslararasılaşmasında ağ ilişkilerinin oynadığı önemli rolü ortaya koymaktadır. İşletmede tespit edilen ağ ilişkileri, yoğunlukla iş temellidir. Ancak erken uluslararasılaşmada, sosyal ağ ilişkilerinden de önemli yararlar sağlandığı anlaşılmıştır.

İndirmeler

İndirme verileri henüz mevcut değil.

Referanslar

  1. Agndal, H. ve Chetty, S. (2007). "The İmpact Of Relationships On Changes In Internationalisation Strategies Of Smes". European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1449–1474. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710821251
  2. Akhter, M. (2013). Origin And Role Of Social Networks : A Comparative Study Of Born Global Firms Of France And Pakistan. Ph.D. Thesis. BEM Management School, France.
  3. Andersen, O. (1993). "On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis". Journal of International Business Studies, 24, 209–231. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490230
  4. Andersen, P. H. (2006). "Listening To The Global Grapevine: SME Export Managers’ Personal Contacts As A Vehicle For Export Information Generation". Journal of World Business, 41(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.006
  5. Anderson, J. C., Hakansson, H. ve Johanson, J. (1994). "Dyadic Business Relationships Within A Business Network Context". Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251912
  6. Andersson, S. ve Wictor, I. (2003). "Innovative Internationalisation In New Firms : Born Globals - The Swedish Case". Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, 249–276. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024110806241
  7. Atlı, H. ve Kartal, B. (2014). "Küresel Doğan İşletmelerde Girişimcinin Bireysel Özelliklerinin Erken Uluslararasılaşmadaki Rolü". Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 39(1), 145–158.
  8. Baskici, C. ve Ercil, Y. (2018). Uluslararasılaşma Sürecinin Başlamasında “Ağ Oluşturma Mekanizmaları”. Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(4), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2018.147
  9. Bell, J. (1995). "The Internationalization Of Small Computer Software Firms A Further Challenge To “Stage” Theories". European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569510097556
  10. Bembom, M. ve Schwens, C. (2018). "The Role Of Networks In Early İnternationalizing Firms: A Systematic Review And Future Research Agenda". European Management Journal, 36(6), 679–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.03.003
  11. Berber, Ş., Köle, M., Taşçı, M. E., ve Can, E. (2018). "From Past To Present Born Global Phenomenon: A Thematic Analysis". Economics and Business Review, 4(18)(2), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2018.2.5
  12. Bilkey, W. J. ve Tesar, G. (1977). "The Export Behavior Of Smaller-Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms". Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490783
  13. Birley, S. (1985). "The Role Of Networks In The Entrepreneurial Process". Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), 107–117.
  14. Brüderl, J. ve Preisendörfer, P. (1998). "Network Support And The Success Of Newly Founded Business". Small Business Economics, 10(3), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007997102930
  15. Chetty, S. ve Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004). "A Strategic Approach To Internationalization: A Traditional Versus A “Born-Global” Approach". Journal of International Marketing, 12(1), 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.12.1.57.25651
  16. Chetty, S. ve Holm Blankenburg, D. (2000). The Role of Business Networks in the Internationalisation of Manufacturing Firms : A Longitudinal Case Study. Içinde Advances in International Marketing, 4, 205–222.
  17. Chetty, S. K. ve Wilson, H. I. M. (2003). "Collaborating With Competitors To Acquire Resources". International Business Review, 12(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00088-4
  18. Coviello, N. E. (2006). "The Network Dynamics Of İnternational New Ventures". Journal of International Business Studies, 37(5), 713–731. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400219
  19. Coviello, N. E. ve Munro, H. J. (1995). " Growing The Entrepreneurial Firm Networking For International Market Development". European Journal of Marketing, 29(7), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569510095008
  20. Coviello, N.E. ve McAuley, A. (1999). "Internationalisation And The Smaller Firm: A Review Of Contemporary Empirical Research". Management International Review, 39(3), 223–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/40835788
  21. Coviello, N.E. ve Munro, H. (1997). "Network Relationships And The İnternationalisation Process Of Small Software Firms". International Business Review, 6(4), 361–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00010-3
  22. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qalitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications (Fourth Edition).
  23. Creswell, J. W. (2017). Nitel Araştırmacılar İçin 30 Temel Beceri. (Ç. D. H. Özcan, Ed.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  24. Czinkota, M. R. (1982). Export Development Strategies: US Promotion Policies. The International Executive. New York: Praeger. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060070408
  25. Çavuşgil, S. Tamer; Knight, G. ve Riesenberger, J. R. (2012). International Business: Strategy, Management And The New Realities (Second Edition). Pearson.
  26. Çavuşgil, S.Tamer. (1980). "On The Internationalization Process Of Firm". European Research, 8(6), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1038/242427b0
  27. Çavuşgil, S.Tamer, Knight, G. ve Üner, M. M. (2011). Türkiye’de Küresel Doğan İşletmeler. Ankara: Detay Yayınları.
  28. Çavusgil, T. S. (1994). "A Quiet Revolution In Australian Exporters". Marketing News, 28(11), 18.
  29. Dubini, P. ve Aldrich, H. (1991). "Personal And Extended Networks Are Central To The Entrepreneurial Process". Journal of Business Venturing, 6(5), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(91)90021-5
  30. Eberhard, M. ve Craig, J. (2013). "The Evolving Role Of Organisational And Personal Networks In International Market Venturing". Journal of World Business, 48(3), 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.07.022
  31. Ellis, P. D. (2000). "Social Ties And Foreign Market Entry". Journal of International Business Studies, 31(3), 443–469.
  32. Ellis, P. ve Pecotich, A. (2001). "Social Factors İnfluencing Export Initiation In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises". Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.1.119.18825
  33. Fillis, I. (2001). "Small Firm Internationalisation: An Investigative Survey And Future Research Directions". Management Decision, 39(9), 767–783. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740110408683
  34. Fina, E. ve Rugman, A. M. (1996). "A Test Of Internalization Theory And Internationalization Theory: The Upjohn Company". MIR: Management International Review, 36(3), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199405000-00013
  35. Freeman, S. ve Cavusgil, S. T. (2007). "Toward A Typology Of Commitment States Among Managers Of Born-Global Firms: A Study Of Accelerated Internationalization". Journal of International Marketing, 15(4), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.4.1
  36. Gabrielsson, M. ve Manek Kirpalani, V. H. (2004). "Born Globals: How To Reach New Business Space Rapidly". International Business Review, 13(5), 555–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.03.005
  37. Greve, A. (1995). "Networks And Entrepreneurship - An Analysis Of Social Relations, Occupational Background, And Use Of Contacts During The Establishment Process". Scandinavian Journal of Management, 11(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(94)00026-E
  38. Gulati, R. ve Gargiulo, M. (1999). "Where Do Interorhanizational Network Come From?", The American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1439–1493.
  39. Harris, S. ve Wheeler, C. (2005). "Entrepreneurs’ Relationships For Internationalization: Functions, Origins And Strategies". International Business Review, 14(2), 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.008
  40. Hoang, H. ve Antoncic, B. (2003). "Network-Based Research In Entrepreneurship". Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 165–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00081-2
  41. Hordes, M. W., Clancy, J. A. ve Baddaley, J. (1995). "A Primer For Global Start-Ups". Academy of Management Perspectives, 9(2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.1995.9506273262
  42. Ibeh, K. ve Kasem, L. (2011). "The Network Perspective And The Internationalization Of Small And Medium Sized Software Firms From Syria". Industrial Marketing Management, 40(3), 358–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.08.004
  43. Johannisson, B. (1986). "Network Strategies: Management Technology For Entrepreneurship And Change". International Small Business Journal, 5(1), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863870092005
  44. Johanson, J. ve Mattsson, L. G. (1988). Internationalisation In Industrial Systems - A Network Approach. Içinde Hood and Vahlne (eds): (Ed.), Strategies in Global Competition (ss. 287–314). London: Croom Helm. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137508829.0011
  45. Johanson, J. ve Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). "The Internationaliztion Process Of The Firm-A Model Of Knowledge Development And Increasing Foreign Market Commitments". Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/254397
  46. Johanson, J. ve Vahlne, J.-E. (1992). "Management Of Foreign Market Entry". Scandinavian International Business Review, 1(3), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-9262(92)90002-N
  47. Johanson, J. ve Vahlne, J.-E. (2003). "Business Relationships Learning And Commitment In The Internationalization Process". Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
  48. Johanson, J. ve Vahlne, J. E. (1990). "The Mechanism Of Intenationalisation". International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11–24.
  49. Johanson, J. ve Vahlne, J. E. (2009). "The Uppsala Internationalization Process Model Revisited: From Liability Of Foreignness To Liability Of Outsidership". Journal of International Business Studies, 40(9), 1411–1431. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.24
  50. Johanson, J. ve Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). "The Internationalization Of the Firm -Four Swedish Cases". Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305–322.
  51. Karra, N. ve Philips, N. (2004). "Entrepreneurship Goes Global Think". Ivey Business Jornal, 67(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2010.03.002
  52. Knight, G. A. ve Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). "Innovation, Organizational Capabilities, And The Born-Global Firm". Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 124–141.
  53. Knight, G. A. ve Çavuşgil, T. (1996). "The Born Global Firm: A Challenge To Traditional Internationalization Theory". Advances in International Marketing, 8, 11–26.
  54. Knight, G. A., Madsen, T. K. ve Servais, P. (2004). "An Inquiry Into Born‐Global Firms In Europe And The USA". International Marketing Review, 21(6), 645–665.
  55. Komulainen, H., Mainela, T. ve Tähtinen, J. (2006). "Social Networks In The Initiation Of The High Tech Firm’ s Internationalisation". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 6(6), 526–541.
  56. KOSGEB Kobi ve Girişimcilik Ödülleri Uygulama Esasları. www.kosgeb.gov.tr (30.04.2018)
  57. Kontinen, T. ve Ojala, A. (2011). "Network Ties In The International Opportunity Recognition Of Family Smes". International Business Review, 20(4), 440–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.08.002
  58. Madsen, T. K., Rasmussen, E. ve Servais, P. (2000). Differences And Similarities Between Born Globals And Other Types Of Exporters. Globalization, the Multinational Firm,and Emerging Economies, 10, 247–265.
  59. Madsen, T. K. ve Servais, P. (1997). "The Internationalization Of Born Globals: An Evolutionary Process?" International Business Review, 6(6), 561–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2
  60. Manolova, T. S., Manev, I. M. ve Gyoshev, B. S. (2010). "In Good Company: The Role Of Personal And Inter-Firm Networks For New-Venture Internationalization In A Transition Economy". Journal of World Business, 45(3), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.004
  61. Masango, S. ve Marinova, S. (2014). "Knowledge-Based Network Ties In Early Rapidly İnternationalising Small Firms: A Missing Link?" International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(3), 471–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0311-x
  62. McAuley, A. (1999). "Entrepreneurial Instant Exporters In The Scottish Arts And Crafts Sector". Journal of International Marketing, 7(4), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.2307/25048786
  63. McDougall, P. P., Shane, S. ve Oviatt, B. M. (1994). "Explaining The Formation Of International New Ventures: The Limits Of Theories From International Business Research". Journal of Business Venturing, 9(6), 469–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90017-5
  64. Melen, S. ve Nordman, E. R. (2007). "The Value Of Human Capital For The Networks Of Born Globals". International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 2(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGSB.2007.015482
  65. Melin, L. (1987). "The Field-Of-Force Metaphor: A Study In Industrial Change". International Studies of Management & Organization, 17(1), 24–33.
  66. Moen, Ø. (2002). "The Born Globals — A New Generation Of Small European Exporters". International Marketing Review, 19(2/3), 156–175. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330210425015
  67. Moen, Ø. ve Servais, P. (2002). "Born Global Or Gradual Global? Examining The Export Behavior Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises". Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.10.3.49.19540
  68. Mort, G. S. ve Weerawardena, J. (2006). "Networking Capability And International Entrepreneurship". International Marketing Review, 23(5), 549–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330610703445
  69. Nummela, N. (2002). Change in SME internationalisation: A Network perspective. 28th EIBA Conference December 8-10, 2002 Athens, Greece. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000610705750
  70. O’Donnel, A., Gilmore, A., Cummins, D. ve Carson, D. (2001). "The Network Construct In Entrepreneurship Research: A Review And Critique". Management Decision, 39(9), 749–760. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006220
  71. Oviatt, B. M. ve McDougall, P. P. (2005). "Toward A Theory Of International New Ventures". Journal of International Business Studies, 36(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400128
  72. Oviatt, B. ve McDougall, P. (1994). "Toward A Theory Of International New Ventures". Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490193
  73. Özgen, E. ve Baron, R. A. (2007). "Social Sources Of Information In Opportunity Recognition : Effects Of Mentors, Industry Networks, And Professional Forums". Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.001
  74. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods). Sage Publications (Second Edition).
  75. Prashantham, S. ve Dhanaraj, C. (2010). "The Dynamic Influence Of Social Capital On The International Growth Of New Ventures". Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 967–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00904.x
  76. Rasmussan, E. S., Koed Madsen, T. ve Evangelista, F. (2001). "The Founding Of The Born Global Company In Denmark And Australia: Sensemaking And Networking". Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 13(3), 75–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555850110764793
  77. Reid, S. D. (1981). "The Decision-Maker And Export Entry And Expansion". Journal of International Business Studies, 12(2), 101–112.
  78. Rennie, M. W. (1993). "Global Competitiveness: Born Global". McKinsey Quarterly, (4), 45–52.
  79. Rialp, A., Rialp, J. ve Knight, G. A. (2005). "The Phenomenon Of Early Internationalizing Firms: What Do We Know After A Decade (1993-2003) Of Scientific Inquiry?" International Business Review, 14(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.006
  80. Riddle, L. A. ve Gillespie, K. (2003). "Information Sources For New Ventures In The Turkish Clothing Export Industry". Small Business Economics, 20(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020252606058
  81. Sapienza, H. J., Autio, E., George, G. ve Zahra, S. A. (2006). "A Capabilities Perspective On The Effects Of Early Internationalization On Firm Survival And Growth". Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 914–933. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2006.22527465
  82. Seggie, F. N. ve Bayyurt, Y. (Ed.). (2015). Nitel Araştırma: Yöntem, Teknik, Analiz ve Yaklaşımları (1. Baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  83. Sharma, D. D. ve Blomstermo, A. (2003). "The Internationalization Process Of Born Globals: A Network View". International Business Review, 12(6), 739–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2003.05.002
  84. Sharma, D. D. ve Johanson, J. (1987). "Technical Consultancy In Internationalisation". International Marketing Review, 4(4), 20–29.
  85. Slotte-Kock, S. ve Coviello, N. (2010). "Entrepreneurship Research On Network Processes: A Review And Ways Forward". Entrepreneurship: Theory And Practice, 34(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00311.x
  86. Strauss, A. L. ve Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics Of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures And Techniques. Sage Publications.
  87. Strauss, A. L. ve Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics Of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures And Techniques.. Sage Publications (Second Edition). https://doi.org/10.2307/328955
  88. Tang, Y. K. (2011). "The Influence Of Networking On The Internationalization Of Smes: Evidence From Internationalized Chinese Firms". International Small Business Journal, 29(4), 374–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610369748
  89. Vasilchenko, E. ve Morrish, S. (2011). "The Role Of Entrepreneurial Networks In The Exploration and Exploitation of Internationalization Opportunities by Information and Communication Technology Firms". Journal of International Marketing, 19(4), 88–105. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.10.0134
  90. Yin, R. K. (1994). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publications (Second Edition). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.005
  91. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publications (Third Edition).
  92. Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods Sage Publications (Fifth Edition).
  93. Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (10. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  94. Zain, M. ve Ng, S. I. (2006). "The Impacts Of Network Relationships On SMEs’ Internationalization Process". Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(2), 183–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie
  95. Zhou, L., Wu, W. P. ve Luo, X. (2007). "Internationalization And The Performance Of Born-Global SMEs: The Mediating Role Of Social Networks". Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673–690. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400282