Our journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of research and publication ethics. All publication processes are conducted in accordance with "international standards", ethical guidelines, and best practices in scholarly publishing.

1. General Principles

* All submissions must adhere to the principles of "accuracy, transparency, and integrity".
* Research involving human or animal subjects must have the necessary "ethical approval" from the relevant institutional review boards, and this approval must be stated in the manuscript.
* Manuscripts must be "original" and not previously published elsewhere (duplicate publication is strictly prohibited).

2. Author Responsibilities

* The corresponding author guarantees the "originality and accuracy" of the work submitted.
* Authorship should accurately reflect the "contributions" of all individuals involved; guest or honorary authorship is not permitted.
* All "sources, data sets, and references" must be properly cited.
* Authors must "disclose any potential conflicts of interest".

3. Peer Review and Editorial Process

* Our journal employs a "double-blind peer review" system.
* Reviewers are expected to uphold "objectivity and confidentiality".
* Reviewers must not use or disclose any information from submitted manuscripts for personal advantage.

4. Ethical Misconduct and Corrections

* Practices such as "plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, and breaches of peer review ethics" are strictly prohibited.
* Suspected ethical violations will be investigated in accordance with "COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics)" and "ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors)" guidelines.
* Published articles found to have ethical issues will be subject to "correction, expression of concern, or retraction".

5. International Standards and References

Our ethical policies align with the following international standards:

* "COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics)" – [https://publicationethics.org](https://publicationethics.org)
* "ICMJE Recommendations" – [http://www.icmje.org](http://www.icmje.org)
* "WAME (World Association of Medical Editors) Guidelines" – [http://www.wame.org](http://www.wame.org)

6. Publication Ethics Statement

By submitting a manuscript to our journal, authors confirm that they "agree to comply with these ethical guidelines" and declare that their work adheres to the principles outlined above.