Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
Articles

Level of specialisation in foreign trade of vehicles of the Commonwealth of Independent States Countries

PDF (Turkish)
  • Elif Tuğçe Bozduman
Elif Tuğçe Bozduman
Assist. Prof. Dr., Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye

Published 2026-03-25

Keywords

  • Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu, Dış Ticaret, Lafay Endeksi, Net Ticaret Endeksi
  • Commonwealth of Independent States, Foreign Trade, Lafay Index, Net Trade Index

How to Cite

Level of specialisation in foreign trade of vehicles of the Commonwealth of Independent States Countries. (2026). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 14(1), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v14i1.2699

Copyright (c) 2026 Elif Tuğçe Bozduman

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Level of specialisation in foreign trade of vehicles of the Commonwealth of Independent States Countries. (2026). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 14(1), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v14i1.2699

Abstract

In the study, the level of specialisation in foreign trade of vehicles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine) was analysed. For the analysis, 38 vehicle product groups subject to the Harmonised System (HS) 1996 classification, with Customs Tariff Statistics Position (GTIP) chapter numbers 84-89, were used. The study, which covers the years 2000 to 2024, uses the Net Trade Index (NTI) and the Lafay Index (LFI) to determine the level of trade specialisation. According to both analyses, the countries with the highest vehicle trade specialisation are Ukraine and Russia. According to NTI values, Ukraine specialises in 19 product groups, while Russia specialises in 11. According to LFI results, Ukraine specialises in 21 product groups, while Russia specialises in 23. The findings make a unique contribution to the literature by providing a holistic perspective from both indices.

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