Cilt 14 Sayı 1 (2026): Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
Makaleler

Geçiş ekonomilerinde refahın parasal olmayan dinamikleri: Kazakistan örneğinde yaşam beklentisinin çok boyutlu belirleyicileri

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  • Yılmaz Ulvi Uzun
Yılmaz Ulvi Uzun
Dr., Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Bitlis, Türkiye

Yayınlanmış 25.03.2026

Anahtar Kelimeler

  • Life Expectancy, Transition Economies, Kazakhstan, Health Economics, Economic, Demographic, and Environmental Determinants
  • Yaşam Beklentisi, Geçiş Ekonomileri, Kazakistan, Sağlık Ekonomisi, Ekonomik ve Demografik Belirleyiciler

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Geçiş ekonomilerinde refahın parasal olmayan dinamikleri: Kazakistan örneğinde yaşam beklentisinin çok boyutlu belirleyicileri. (2026). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 14(1), 518-541. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v14i1.2731

Telif Hakkı (c) 2026 Yılmaz Ulvi Uzun

Creative Commons License

Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Geçiş ekonomilerinde refahın parasal olmayan dinamikleri: Kazakistan örneğinde yaşam beklentisinin çok boyutlu belirleyicileri. (2026). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 14(1), 518-541. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v14i1.2731

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1991–2023 döneminde Kazakistan’da yaşam beklentisinin ekonomik (kişi başına reel gelir ve işsizlik), demografik (bebek ölüm oranı ve doğurganlık oranı), sağlık (hastane yatak kapasitesi ve aşılama oranı) ve çevresel (PM2.5 hava kirliliği) belirleyicilerini ampirik olarak incelemektedir. Çalışmada kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkileri analiz etmek amacıyla Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (A-ARDL) eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem katsayılarının sağlamlığı ise Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) ve Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) tahmin yöntemleri ile doğrulanmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, ekonomik büyüme ve sağlık altyapısındaki iyileşmelerin yaşam beklentisini anlamlı biçimde artırdığını göstermektedir. Özellikle kişi başına reel gelir ve hastane yatak kapasitesi değişkenlerinin yaşam beklentisi üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşılık, yüksek doğurganlık oranları ve bebek ölüm oranlarının yaşam beklentisini anlamlı biçimde azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular ayrıca PM2.5 hava kirliliği ile yaşam beklentisi arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuç, literatürdeki genel beklentilerden farklı olup, incelenen dönemde ekonomik faaliyetlerdeki genişleme ile sağlık altyapısına yapılan yatırımların eş zamanlı artışıyla ilişkili olabilir. Buna karşın aşılama oranı ve işsizlik değişkenlerinin yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkilerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı görülmektedir. Genel olarak bulgular, yaşam beklentisinin çok boyutlu belirleyicilere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve Kazakistan gibi geçiş ekonomilerinde nüfus sağlığı sonuçlarının şekillenmesinde ekonomik gelişme, demografik dinamikler ve sağlık altyapısının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

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