Cilt 14 Sayı 2 (2026): Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
Makaleler

Konteyner taşımacılığı sektöründe dikey entegrasyon stratejisinin uygulanması

PDF
  • Murat Atalay
Murat Atalay
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Kemer Denizcilik Fakültesi, Antalya, Türkiye

Yayınlanmış 25.06.2026

Anahtar Kelimeler

  • Vertical Integration, Container Shipping, Logistics Integration
  • Dikey Entegrasyon, Konteyner Taşımacılığı, Lojistik Entegrasyonu

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Konteyner taşımacılığı sektöründe dikey entegrasyon stratejisinin uygulanması. (2026). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 14(2), 1029-1046. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v14i2.2748

Telif Hakkı (c) 2026 Murat Atalay

Creative Commons License

Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Konteyner taşımacılığı sektöründe dikey entegrasyon stratejisinin uygulanması. (2026). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 14(2), 1029-1046. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v14i2.2748

Öz

Küresel koşulların etkisiyle birlikte dış kaynak kullanımının giderek artması sonucunda birçok firma yap ya da satın al kararı vermek durumundadır. Küresel belirsizlik ortamı ve tedarik zincirlerindeki kırılganlıklar, konteyner taşımacılığı sektöründe stratejik dönüşümlerin yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Geleneksel olarak limandan limana taşımacılık yapan konteyner taşıyıcılar, bu gelişmelerin ardından operasyonel süreçlerini güvence altına almak amacıyla dikey entegrasyon stratejisine yönelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, konteyner taşımacılığı sektöründe dikey entegrasyon stratejisinin hangi gerekçelerle ve hangi alanlarda uygulandığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda dünyanın en büyük üç konteyner taşıyıcısı MSC, Maersk ve CMA CGM, nitel çoklu vaka analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Veriler kamuya açık kaynaklardan (faaliyet raporları, kurumsal web siteleri ve broşürler) elde edilmiş; her firmanın dikey entegrasyon haritası çıkarılarak entegrasyonun yönü, kapsamı ve gerekçeleri sistematik biçimde karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, konteyner taşıyıcıların dikey entegrasyonu yalnızca işlem maliyetlerini düşürmek amacıyla değil, aynı zamanda rekabet avantajı elde etmek, fiyatlandırma ve kapasite üzerinde kontrol sağlamak ve özellikle belirsizlik ortamında tedarik zinciri dayanıklılığını artırmak için stratejik bir araç olarak kullandıklarını göstermektedir.

PDF

Referanslar

  1. Alphaliner. (2025). Alphaliner Top 100 22 November, 2025. https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/?utm_source=Social+Media&utm_medium=PostMT&utm_campaign=AlphalinerTop100. Erişim tarihi: 29.11.2025.
  2. Álvarez-SanJaime, Ó., Cantos-Sánchez, P., Moner-Colonques, R., & Sempere-Monerris, J. J. (2013). Vertical integration and exclusivities in maritime freight transport. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 51, 50-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2012.12.009
  3. Arora, K., Singh, A., & Sahare, M. (2025). Vertical integration and market power in supply networks. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 27(6), 1939-1958. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.1454
  4. Balakrishnan, S., & Wernerfelt, B. (1986). Technical change, competition and vertical integration. Strategic Management Journal, 7(4), 347-359. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250070405
  5. Banks, S. & Eichstedt, M. (2021). Logistics. Full service, full stop. Service expansion will distinguish the winners of the future (Technical Report). Accenture. https://www.accenture.com/content/dam/accenture/final/a-com-migration/r3-3/pdf/pdf-165/accenture-logistics-service-expansion.pdf
  6. CMA CGM. (2025a). CMA CGM Group. https://www.cma-cgm.com/about/the-group. Erişim tarihi: 19.05.2025
  7. CMA CGM. (2025b). The CMA CGM Group. https://www.cmacgm-group.com/en/. Erişim tarihi: 04.09.2025
  8. Coase, R. H. (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica, 4(16), 386-405.
  9. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  10. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4308385
  11. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.24160888
  12. Ersahin, N., Giannetti, M., & Huang, R. (2024). Supply chain risk: Changes in supplier composition and vertical integration. Journal of International Economics, 147, 103854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103854
  13. Fergusson, K.J. (1993) Impact of integration on industrial facility quality. CIFE Technical Report Number 84, Stanford University.
  14. Fronmueller, M. P., & Reed, R. (1996). The competitive advantage potential of vertical integration. Omega, 24(6), 715-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(96)00011-4
  15. Gachara, M. (2024). Strategic Divergence: The Varied Paths of Vertical Integration in Container Shipping. Erasmus University Rotterdam. Erasmus School of Economics. Master Thesis Urban, Port and Transport Economics
  16. Grant, R. M. (2021). Contemporary strategy analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
  17. Grossman GM, Helpman E, Sabal A. (2023). Resilience in vertical supply chains. NBER Working Paper. 31739.
  18. Harrigan, K. R. (1984). Formulating vertical integration strategies. Academy of Management Review, 9(4), 638-652. https://doi.org/10.2307/258487
  19. Harrigan, K. R. (1985). Vertical integration and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 397–425. https://doi.org/10.5465/256208
  20. Heaver, T. D. (2002). The evolving roles of shipping lines in international logistics. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 4(3), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ijme.9100042
  21. ITF (2022), "Performance of Maritime Logistics", International Transport Forum Policy Papers, No. 106, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  22. Kaiser, F., & Obermaier, R. (2020). Vertical (dis-)integration and firm performance: A management paradigm revisited. Schmalenbach Business Review, 72(1), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41464-020-00083-1
  23. Kollia, S., & Pallis, A. A. (2024). Competition effects of vertical integration in container ports: assessing the European Commission decisional practice. Maritime Business Review, 9(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/MABR-10-2022-0058
  24. Khurshid, F., Park, W.-Y., & Chan, F. T. S. (2020). The impact of competition on vertical integration: The role of technological niche width. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 789-800. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2371
  25. Levinson, M. (2016). The box: how the shipping container made the world smaller and the world economy bigger. Princeton University Press.
  26. Mahoney, J. T. (1992). The choice of organisational form: Vertical financial ownership versus other methods of vertical integration. Strategic Management Journal, 13(8), 559-584. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250130802
  27. Maersk. (2025a). A.P. Moller - Maersk's vision is to become the Global Integrator. https://www.maersk.com/about. Erişim tarihi: 09.09.2025.
  28. Maersk. (2025b). Annual Report for 2024. A.P. Moller Maersk. https://investor.maersk.com/events/event-details/annual-report-2024. Erişim tarihi: 09.09.2025.
  29. Merk, O., Hoffmann, J., & Haralambides, H. (2022). Post-COVID-19 scenarios for the governance of maritime transport and ports. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 24(4), 673-685. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-022-00228-8
  30. MSC (2025). The MSC Group. https://www.msc.com/en/about-us/msc-group?_gl=1*1tvzxpu*_up*MQ..*_ga*MTcwMDUwNDI5Ny4xNzYzMjM1NTQ0*_ga_9HMJRMP77C*czE3NjMyMzU1NDMkbzEkZzEkdDE3NjMyMzU4NjIkajYwJGwwJGgw. Erişim tarihi: 23.10.2025
  31. Notteboom, T., & Rodrigue, J. P. (2008). Containerisation, box logistics and global supply chains: The integration of ports and liner shipping networks. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 10(1), 152-174. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100196
  32. Notteboom, T., & Rodrigue, J. P. (2012). The corporate geography of global container terminal operators. Maritime Policy & Management, 39(3), 249-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2012.671970
  33. Notteboom, T., Pallis, T., & Rodrigue, J. P. (2021). Disruptions and resilience in global container shipping and ports: the COVID-19 pandemic versus the 2008–2009 financial crisis. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 23(2), 179-210. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-020-00180-5
  34. Notteboom, T., Pallis, A., & Rodrigue, J. P. (2022). Port Economics, Management and Policy. Routledge.
  35. Panayides, P. M., & Cullinane, K. (2002). Competitive advantage in liner shipping: a review and research agenda. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 4(3), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ijme.9100045
  36. Paridaens, H., & Notteboom, T. (2022). Logistics integration strategies in container shipping: A multiple case-study on Maersk Line, MSC and CMA CGM. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 45, 100868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100868
  37. Perry, M. K. (1989). Vertical integration: Determinants and effects. In R. Schmalensee & R. D. Willig (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, 183–255. Elsevier.
  38. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analysing industries and competitors. Free Press.
  39. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
  40. Porter, M. E. (1987). From competitive advantage to corporate strategy. Harvard Business Review, 65(3), 43–59.
  41. Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79–91.
  42. Quinn, J. B., & Hilmer, F. G. (1994). Strategic outsourcing. MIT Sloan Management Review, 35(4), 43-55.
  43. Rodrigue, J. P. (2020). The geography of transport systems. Routledge.
  44. Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime economics (third ed.), Routledge, London.
  45. Stuckey, J. & White, D. (1993). When and when not to vertically integrate. MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring 1993, 34 (3), 71-83.
  46. Tamayo-Orbegozo, U., Vicente-Molina, M. A., & Villarreal-Larrinaga, O. (2017). Eco-innovation strategic model. A multiple-case study from a highly eco-innovative European region. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1347-1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.174
  47. The MSC Group. (2025). The MSC Group. https://www.mscgroup.com/. Erişim tarihi: 04.09.2025
  48. UNCTAD. (2024). New context calls for changing how we measure maritime connectivity. https://unctad.org/news/new-context-calls-changing-how-we-measure-maritime-connectivity. Erişim tarihi: 23.10.2025.
  49. Williamson, O. E. (1971). The vertical integration of production: market failure considerations. The American Economic Review, 61(2), 112-123.
  50. Williamson, O. E. (1979). Transaction-cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2), 233–261.
  51. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism. Free Press.
  52. World Bank Group. (2025a). Sustainable Development in Shipping and Ports. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport/brief/sustainable-development-in-shipping-and-ports?utm. Erişim tarihi: 23.04.2025.
  53. World Bank Group. (2025b). Port Reform Toolkit. Washington. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport/publication/port-reform-toolkit. Erişim tarihi: 23.10.2025.
  54. Wu, F., Zhu, J., & Xie, Q. (2025). Strategic trade-offs in forward and backward integration: Evidence of organisational resilience from systemic supply chain disruptions. Sustainability, 17(20), 9182. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209182
  55. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  56. Zhu, S., Zheng, S., Ge, Y. E., Fu, X., Sampaio, B., & Jiang, C. (2019). Vertical integration and its implications to port expansion. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(8), 920-938. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2019.1594426