İhracat, beşerî gelişmişlik, gayrisafi sermaye oluşumu ve CO₂ emisyonları bağlamında ekonomik büyüme: Seçilmiş EAGLE ve NEST ekonomileri
Yayınlanmış 25.09.2026
Anahtar Kelimeler
- Ekonomik Büyüme, Beşerî Gelişmişlik, İhracat, CO₂ Emisyonları
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Telif Hakkı (c) 2026 Ömer Yılmaz- Hakkı Özbaş

Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, seçilmiş EAGLE ve NEST ekonomilerinde kişi başına reel gelir ile beşerî gelişmişlik, CO₂ emisyonları, ihracat ve gayrisafi sermaye oluşumu arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışmada Hindistan, Endonezya, Brezilya, Rusya, Meksika, Türkiye, Mısır, Filipinler, Vietnam, Güney Afrika, Kolombiya ve Tayland’dan oluşan 12 ekonomiye ait 1990–2023 dönemi panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Analizde yatay kesit bağımlılığını ve ülkeler arasındaki heterojenliği dikkate alan Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) ve Kesitler Arası Genişletilmiş ARDL (CS-ARDL) yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, beşerî gelişmişlik, kişi başına CO₂ emisyonları, ihracat ve gayrisafi sermaye oluşumu ile kişi başına reel gelir arasında panel düzeyinde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı uzun dönemli ilişkiler bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, ülke bazında elde edilen AMG sonuçları ilişkilerin yönü ve büyüklüğünün ekonomiler arasında farklılaşabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. CS-ARDL modeline ait hata düzeltme katsayısının negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olması uzun dönem dengesine yönelik bir uyum sürecine işaret ederken, katsayının mutlak değerinin 1’den büyük olması bu uyumun salınımlı bir yapı gösterebileceğini göstermektedir. Genel olarak bulgular, kişi başına reel gelir ile beşerî gelişmişlik, dış ticaret, sermaye birikimi ve çevresel göstergeler arasındaki ilişkilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesinin önemine işaret etmektedir.
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